Using JFET and MESFET Equivalent Circuits

Scaling

The AREA and M Element parameters, together with the SCALE and SCALM control options, control scaling. For all three model levels, the model parameters IS, CGD, CGS, RD, RS, BETA, LDEL, and WDEL, are scaled using the same equations.

Scaled parameters A, L, W, LDEL, and WDEL, are affected by option SCALM. SCALM defaults to 1.0. To enter the parameter W with units in microns, for example, set SCALM to 1e-6, then enter W=5; Star-Hspice sets W=5e-6 meters, or 5 microns.

Override global scaling that uses the .OPTION SCALM=<val> statement in a JFET or MESFET model by including SCALM=<val> in the .MODEL statement.

Understanding JFET Current Convention

The direction of current flow through the JFET is assumed in JFET Current Convention, N-Channel. You can use either I(Jxxx) or I1(Jxxx) syntax when printing the drain current. I2 references the gate current and I3 references the source current. Jxxx is the device name. JFET Current Convention, N-Channel represents the Star-Hspice current convention for an n channel JFET.

 

Figure 17-1: JFET Current Convention, N-Channel

For a p-channel device, the following must be reversed:

JFET Equivalent Circuits

Star-Hspice uses three equivalent circuits in the analysis of JFETs: transient, AC, and noise circuits. The components of these circuits form the basis for all element and model equation discussion.

The fundamental component in the equivalent circuit is the drain to source current (ids). For noise and AC analyses, the actual ids current is not used. Instead, the partial derivatives of ids with respect to the terminal voltages, vgs, and vds are used.

The names for these partial derivatives are:

Transconductance

 

Output Conductance

 

The ids equation accounts for all DC currents of the JFET. The gate capacitances are assumed to account for transient currents of the JFET equations. The two diodes shown in JFET/MESFET Transient Analysis are modeled by these ideal diode equations:

Figure 17-2: JFET/MESFET Transient Analysis

NOTE: For DC analysis, the capacitances are not part of the model.
Figure 17-3: JFET/MESFET AC Analysis

 

Figure 17-4: JFET/MESFET AC Noise Analysis

 

Table 17-2: Equation Variable Names and Constants

Variable/Quantity

Definitions

cgd

Gate to drain capacitance

cgs

Gate to source capacitance

ggd

Gate to drain AC conductance

ggs

Gate to source AC conductance

gds

Drain to source AC conductance controlled by vds

gm

Drain to source AC transconductance controlled by vgs

igd

Gate to drain current

igs

Gate to source current

ids

DC drain to source current

ind

Equivalent noise current drain to source

inrd

Equivalent noise current drain resistor

inrs

Equivalent noise current source resistor

rd

Drain resistance

rs

Source resistance

vgd

Internal gate-drain voltage

vgs

Internal gate-source voltage

f

Frequency

 

Vacuum permittivity = 8.854e-12 F/m

k

1.38062e-23 (Boltzmann's constant)

q

1.60212e-19 (electron charge)

t

Temperature in °K

Dt

t - tnom

tnom

Nominal temperature of parameter measurements in °K (user-input in °C). Tnom = 273.15 + TNOM

vt(t)

k · t/q

vt(tnom)

k · tnom/q

Star-Hspice Manual - Release 2001.2 - June 2001