E Element syntax statements are described in the following paragraphs. The parameters are defined in the following section.
Linear
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> in+ in- gain <MAX=val> <MIN=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val><ABS=1> <IC=val>
Polynomial
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> POLY(NDIM) in1+ in1- ... inndim+ inndim-<TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val><SCALE=val><MAX=val><MIN=val> <ABS=1> P0 <P1...>
+ <IC=vals>
Piecewise Linear
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> PWL(1) in+ in- <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100 <IC=val>
Multi-Input Gates
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> gatetype(k) in1+ in1- ... ink+ ink- <DELTA=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <SCALE=val> x1,y1 ... x100,y100 <IC=val>
Delay Element
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> DELAY in+ in- TD=val <SCALE=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ <NPDELAY=val>
Exxx n+ n- VOL='equation' <MAX>=val> <MIN=val>
Exxx n+ n- OPAMP in+ in-
Exxx n+ n- TRANSFORMER in+ in- k
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Keyword for the delay element. The delay element is the same as voltage controlled voltage source, except it is associated by a propagation delay TD. This element facilitates the adjustment of propagation delay in the macro-modelling process. Note: DELAY is a reserved word and should not be used as a node name. |
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Used to control the curvature of the piecewise linear corners. The parameter defaults to one-fourth of the smallest breakpoint distances. The maximum is limited to one-half of the smallest breakpoint distances. |
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Voltage controlled element name. The parameter must begin with an "E" followed by up to 1023 alphanumeric characters. |
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Can be one of AND, NAND, OR, or NOR. (k) represents the number of inputs of the gate. The x's and y's represent the piecewise linear variation of output as a function of input. In the multi-input gates only one input determines the state of the output. |
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Initial condition: the initial estimate of the value(s) of the controlling voltage(s). If IC is not specified, the default=0.0. |
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Positive or negative controlling nodes. Specify one pair for each dimension. |
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Maximum output voltage value. The default is undefined and sets no maximum value. |
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Minimum output voltage value. The default is undefined and sets no minimum value. |
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Polynomial dimensions. If POLY(NDIM) is not specified, a one-dimensional polynomial is assumed. NDIM must be a positive number. |
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Sets the number of data points to be used in delay simulations. The default value is the larger of 10 or the smaller of TD/tstep and tstop/tstep 
The values of tstep and tstop are specifed in the .TRAN statement. |
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The keyword for ideal op-amp element. OPAMP is a reserved word and should not be used as a node name. |
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The polynomial coefficients. When one coefficient is specified, Star-Hspice assumes it to be P1 (P0=0.0), and the element is linear. When more than one polynomial coefficient is specified, the element is nonlinear, and P0, P1, P2 ... represent them (see Polynomial Functions). |
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First and second order temperature coefficients. The SCALE is updated by temperature: 
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Keyword for ideal transformer. TRANS is a reserved word and should not be used as a node name. |
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Keyword for voltage controlled voltage source. VCVS is a reserved word and should not be used as a node name. |
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Controlling voltage across nodes in+ and in-. The x values must be in increasing order. |
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A voltage amplifier with supply limits can be built with the voltage controlled voltage source. The output voltage across nodes 2,3 = v(14,1) * 2. The voltage gain parameter, 2, is also given. The MAX and MIN parameters specify a maximum E1 voltage of 5 V and a minimum E1 voltage output of -5 V. If, for instance, V(14,1) = -4V, E1 would be set to -5 V and not -8 V, as the equation would produce.
Eopamp 2 3 14 1 MAX=+5 MIN=-5 2.0
A user-defined parameter can be used in the following format to specify a value for polynomial coefficient parameters:
An ideal voltage summer specifies the source voltage as a function of three controlling voltage(s): V(13,0), V(15,0) and V(17,0). It describes a voltage source with the value:
This example represents an ideal voltage summer. The three controlling voltages are initialized for a DC operating point analysis to 1.5, 2.0, and 17.25 V, respectively.
EX 17 0 POLY(3) 13 0 15 0 17 0 0 1 1 1
+ IC=1.5,2.0,17.25
The voltage controlled source also can output a nonlinear function using the one-dimensional polynomial. Since the POLY parameter is not specified, a one-dimensional polynomial is assumed--that is, a function of one controlling voltage. The equation corresponds to the element syntax. Behavioral equations replace this older method.
V (3,4) = 10.5 + 2.1 *V(21,17) + 1.75 *V(21,17)
E2 3 4 POLY 21 17 10.5 2.1 1.75
You can build a simple inverter with no delay with a piecewise linear transfer function.
Einv out 0 PWL(1) in 0 .7v,5v 1v,0v
With the turn ratio 10 to 1, the voltage relationship is V(out)=V(in)/10.
Etrans out 0 TRANSFORMER in 0 10
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
Use the keyword VOL to define a single-ended input that controls the output of a VCO.
In the following example, the frequency of the sinusoidal output voltage at node "out" is controlled by the voltage at node "control". Parameter "v0" is the DC offset voltage and "gain" is the amplitude. The output is a sinusoidal voltage with a frequency of "freq · control".
Evco out 0 VOL='v0+gain*SIN(6.28 freq*v(control)
+ *TIME)'
